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合成橡膠的特性(Properties of synthetic rubber)
氯丁橡膠，是由氯丁二烯（即2-氯-1,3-丁二烯）為主要原料進(jìn)行α-聚合而生產(chǎn)的合成橡膠，被廣泛應(yīng)用于抗風(fēng)化產(chǎn)品、粘膠鞋底、涂料和火箭燃料。
外觀為乳白色、米黃色或淺棕色的片狀或塊狀物，是氯丁二烯（即2-氯-1,3-丁二烯）為主要原料進(jìn)行α-聚合生成的彈性體。氯丁橡膠溶解度參數(shù)占δ=9.2～9.41。溶于甲苯、二甲苯、二氯乙烷、三釩乙烯，微溶于丙酮、甲乙酮、醋酸乙酯、環(huán)己烷，不溶于正己烷、溶劑汽油，但可溶于由適當(dāng)比例的良溶劑和不良溶劑及非溶劑或不良溶劑和非溶劑組成的混合溶劑，在植物油和礦物油中溶脹而不溶解。
有良好的物理機(jī)械性能，耐油，耐熱，耐燃，耐日光，耐臭氧，耐酸堿，耐化學(xué)試劑。缺點(diǎn)是耐寒性和貯存穩(wěn)定性較差。具有較高的拉伸強(qiáng)度、伸長(zhǎng)率和可逆的結(jié)晶性，粘接性好。耐老化、耐熱。耐油、耐化學(xué)腐蝕性優(yōu)異。耐候性和耐臭氧老化僅次于乙丙橡膠和丁基橡膠。耐熱性與丁腈橡膠相當(dāng)，分解溫度230～260℃，短期可耐120～150℃，在80～100℃可長(zhǎng)期使用，具有一定的阻燃性。耐油性僅次于丁腈橡膠。耐無(wú)機(jī)酸、堿腐蝕性良好。耐寒性稍差，電絕緣性不佳。生膠儲(chǔ)存穩(wěn)定性差，會(huì)產(chǎn)生“自硫”現(xiàn)象，門(mén)尼黏度增大，生膠變硬。
Neoprene is a synthetic rubber produced by α-polymerization of chloroprene (i.e. 2-chloro-1,3-butadiene) as the main raw material, and is widely used in weather-resistant products, viscose soles, coatings and rocket fuel.
It is milky white, beige or light brown in appearance as flakes or lumps, and is an elastomer produced by the α-polymerization of chloroprene (i.e. 2-chloro-1,3-butadiene) as the main raw material.The solubility parameters of neoprene accounted for δ=9.2~9.41.It is soluble in toluene, xylene, dichloroethane, trivanadium ethylene, slightly soluble in acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, ethyl acetate, cyclohexane, insoluble in n-hexane, solvent gasoline, but soluble in an appropriate proportion of benign solvent and bad solvent and non-solvent or a mixed solvent composed of a bad solvent and non-solvent, swelling in vegetable oil and mineral oil without dissolution.
It has good physical and mechanical properties, oil resistance, heat resistance, flame resistance, sunlight resistance, ozone resistance, acid and alkali resistance, chemical reagent resistance.Its disadvantages are poor cold resistance and storage stability.It has high tensile strength, elongation and reversible crystallinity with good adhesion. It has excellent aging resistance, heat resistance, oil resistance and chemical resistance. Its weather resistance and ozone aging resistance are second only to ethylene propylene rubber and butyl rubber.Its heat resistance is comparable to nitrile rubber, the decomposition temperature is 230~260 °C, the short-term resistance is 120~150 °C, and it can be used for a long time at 80~100 °C, and has certain flame retardancy.Its oil resistance is second only to nitrile rubber. Its resistance to inorganic acids and alkalis is good, but its cold resistance is slightly poor, and its electrical insulation is not good. Its raw rubber storage stability is poor, which will produce the phenomenon of "self-sulfur", Mooney viscosity increases, and the raw rubber becomes hard.
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